Dr Mahak Bhandari

Esophagus or foodpipe is the initial digestive tract organ which trasports chewed food to stomach and beyond. It can be involved in many disorders such as esophageal motility disorders (Achalasia), Tumors and reflux of acid related disorders (Barret’s Esophagus and GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease) and sometimes corrosive ingestion.

The primary symptom of esophgeal disease is dysphagia or difficulty in swallowing.

Patient with achalasia present with dysphagia which is initially more to liquids. It gradually leads to dilatation of the esophagus. This is a surgical disorder which is effectively treated by Laparoscopic Heller’s Mytomy. Endoscopic treatment options are also available.

GERD patient present with retrosternal burning sensation which isdue to frelux of acid into the esophagus from the stomach. This is due to laxity of lower esophageal sphincter (valve). The symptoms are very well taken care of by PPIs and prokinetic combination. These drugs are to be taken lifelong. Laparoscopic fundoplication provides lifelong relief with no dependency on drugs.

Tumors of the esophagus present with dysphagia. Smoking, alcohol are usual culprits. It may be adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinomma. These tumor call for a prompt work up and treatment with alll the three modalities of surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Surgery is done with total minimal invasive approach (VATS + Laparoscopic).

Sometimes there is stricture formation in the esophagus due to corrosive ingestion. The stricture requires surgery or sometimes can be taken care of by endoscopic dilation.